What system provides precise position, heading, altitude, and ground speed information using satellites?

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is designed to provide highly accurate position, heading, altitude, and ground speed information by utilizing a network of satellites orbiting the Earth. GPS works by triangulating signals sent from multiple satellites to calculate a user's exact location in three-dimensional space. This system is essential for navigation not only for aircraft but also for various vehicles and devices on land and at sea.

In contrast, the other systems listed serve different purposes. The VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) system is mainly used for navigation and position information but relies on ground-based radio signals rather than satellites. The Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) is utilized to determine the direction to a radio beacon, enabling navigation based on signals from ground stations. Lastly, the Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) is a military aid system similar to VOR but specifically tailored for military aircraft, providing range and bearing from a ground station, rather than satellite-based positioning.

Therefore, GPS is the appropriate choice since it is the only system among the options that delivers precise navigational data derived from satellite technology.